Africa, home of 34 Least Developed Countries, is considered the most vulnerable continent to impacts of anthropogenically induced climate change, with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicting great instability to Africa's water resources as a result of climate change. Reports on the world's water in recent years share a resounding message that the planet's hydrological systems and resources are increasingly insecure. Six conservation landscapes are described that include most of these sites and it is argued that a focus on these landscapes may be a more holistic method to ensure the safety of the priority areas of the Albertine Rift. Virunga and Kahuzi Biega National Parks and Itombwe Massif in Democratic Republic of Congo, Bwindi Impenetrable and Kibale National Parks in Uganda, and Nyungwe National Park in Rwanda rank highest in terms of numbers of both endemic and globally threatened species. ![]() We use data from 38 protected and unprotected areas to prioritise sites within the Albertine Rift for conservation based upon their numbers of endemic and globally threatened species. The literature on fish species richness and endemism is also reviewed to assess the importance of the larger lakes in the Rift for conservation. This paper compiles all currently known species distribution information for plants, endemic butterfly species and four vertebrate taxa from the Albertine Rift. ![]() It contains more vertebrate species than any other region on the continent and contains more endemic species of vertebrate than any other region on mainland Africa. ![]() The Albertine Rift is one of the most important regions for conservation in Africa.
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